Minors Rights Supreme Court Essay Example for Free

Minors Rights Supreme Court Essay Throughout the United States’ history, the Supreme Court has decided many cases. Their job is to decide whether or not laws, or punishments given by lower courts, abide by the rules written in the United States Constitution. Their decisions are based upon precedents set by other court cases, or their opinions of what the Constitution means, if there is no precedent. On the topic of the rights of minors, the Supreme Court has justly protected these rights as shown in the cases of In Re Gault, Tinker v. Des Moines, and New Jersey v. T.L.O. In Re Gault was the Supreme Court’s â€Å"first foray† (Dorsen) into the rights of minors as decided by the Constitution. Fifteen year old Gerald Gault was taken into custody for making lewd comments to a neighbor, over the phone. His parents were not notified and he was not given access to an attorney. He was not notified of his right not to self-incriminate and was eventually convicted as an adult and sentenced to jail until age 21. If he had been tried as an adult, it would have been a misdemeanor. Before this case it was considered that minors had no rights until they turned 18 and were legally considered an Adult. Under our Constitution the condition of being a boy does not justify a kangaroo court. †¦Due process is the primary and indispensable foundation of individual freedom. It is the basic and essential term in the social compact which defines the rights of the individual and delimits the powers which the state may exercise†¦. (Fortas). The supreme court definitely interpreted the constitution correctly because the constitution states, â€Å"No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. This is saying that juveniles accused of a crime must have the same rights as adults. Tinker v. Des Moines covers the controversial topic of minors’ rights in school. Students, including John Tinker, decided to wear black armbands to school to protest the Vietnam war, violating a school policy. â€Å"The school officials banned and sought to punish petitioners for a silent, passive expression of opinion, unaccompanied by any disorder or disturbance on the part of petitioners. There is here no evidence whatever of petitioners interference, actual or nascent, with the schools work or of collision with the rights of other students to be secure and to be let alone. Accordingly, this case does not concern speech or action that intrudes upon the work of the schools or the rights of other students† (Fortas). The final decision of the Supreme Court was that minors do not lose their rights once they walk in the school doors. As long as they are not disrupting the learning process, they are fully protected under the first amendment. New Jersey v. T.L.O. is also very controversial as it deals with minors’ fourth amendment rights of search and seizure. Two freshmen students were caught smoking in the bathrooms of the Piscataway school system. One student denied smoking and was asked to empty the contents of her purse. The principal found cigarettes, rolling papers, marijuana, a pipe, baggies, money and a card indicating people who owed her money for drugs. She was charged as a juvenile for the drugs and paraphernalia found in the search. She fought the search, claiming it violated her Fourth Amendment right against unreasonable searches. The U.S. Supreme Court, in a 6-3 ruling, held that the search was reasonable under the Fourth Amendment. A school does have the right to search the students on probable cause. In this particular case the school acted on a â€Å"plain view† search once the rolling papers were found in plain view after the cigarettes were lifted out of the bag. . . . The warrant requirement, in particular, is unsuited to the school environment . . . [T]he legality of a search of a student should depend simply on the reasonableness, under all the circumstances, of the search . . . Such a search will be permissible in its scope when the measures adopted are reasonably related to the objectives of the search and not excessively intrusive in light of the age and sex of the student and the nature of the infraction. (White). There was no need for a warrant because the police were not searching her and they were not searching her house or car, only her person. These three cases show that the Supreme Court has been just in ruling on the rights of minors. Juveniles are afforded the same rights to due process as adults when they have criminal charges presented against them. They also have the right to a peaceful demonstration even in a school. In a school setting, it is acceptable that the Court ruled against the rights of minors, in order to provide a safe environment. On the topic of the rights of minors, the Supreme Court has justly protected these rights as shown in the cases of In Re Gault, Tinker v. Des Moines, and New Jersey v. T.L.O.

Deviation from Genre in Hitchcock’s Movie, Vertigo :: Movie Film Essays

Deviation from Genre in Hitchcock’s Movie, Vertigo When a director achieves great success, as Hitchcock did, he is able to follow a formula, much like a genre does, for future success. Further, a successful director is able to do a genre movie but place his own personal touch on it; in doing so, he ignores the formula that has thus far brought the genre so much success. Knighted as the â€Å"Master of Suspense,† Hitchcock was well known for his witty dialogue and genius plot twists. But Hitchcock’s true mastery came through in his ability to enshroud one story within another. In Vertigo, Hitchcock reveals the twist, that an imposter was hired so that the real Madeleine could be murdered, halfway through the film. The bold tactic breaks the formulaic structure we expect from a murder mystery, in which solutions always come at the end. It risks unsettling the viewer, particularly on an initial viewing of the film. However, by dispensing with formula, Hitchcock shifts the emphasis of the story from murder to character, a potentially deeper subject than the typical whodunit conundrum. It is after this revelation that Hitchcock’s true movie shines through. The mystery is solved for the audience, but James Stewart’s character â€Å"Scotty† is still haunted by the memory of his possessed love. His possession takes him so far that he attempts to remake a woman (Judy) that reminds him of his beloved Madeleine into the actual woman. With the movie now a â€Å"love† story, Hitchcock was able to elude yet another genre. His twisted approach on a relationship based on obsession with a dead woman garners pity for both Judy, who is something of an accomplice to the murder of the real Madeleine, and for Scotty, who actually fell in love with the woman he is trying to make into a woman he never met. And so Hitchcock is able to pose a stunning question: Did Scotty fall in love with Judy or her impression of Madeleine? This answer is impossible to know, with Scotty never having met the real Madeleine or getting the chance to know Judy for who she is b ecause she ironically falls to her death just as Madeleine did. It is the very departure from genre that may warrant the success of a film. Perhaps the formula has been done too many times, leaving the audience unfulfilled, or the very topic no longer holds any interest.

Protein Energy Malnutrition Essay

The article’s subject concerns the protein deficiency among infants in the Osun state of Nigeria. Nursing frequency and duration experienced a reduction during complementary food were introduced to infants in Osun. Mothers tend to be complacent in feeding their babies with complementary food, which result to the minimized breast-feeding of mothers that hinders the natural nutrition that these infants need.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a study conducted among Osun infants, they discovered that it was not a advisable for children at this age to be fed by such synthetic food. Consumption of such tends to halt the natural nourishment the babies need from their mothers. As early as two years old, babies were exposed already to complementary food, which is against the requirement of the World Health Organization (Ogunba, 2004). According to WHO, the amount of protein and calories (energy) that were consumed by infants were not above standard levels because these foods contain excess amount of carbohydrates alone (Ogunba, 2004). Obviously, the nutritional requirement of an infant is not met due to the outcome of early supplementation of these synthetic food. Infants’ natural diet should require constant breast-feeding in which they are enable to consume protein from milk. Unfortunately, this apt nutritional nourishment is ignored by the mothers in Osun (Ogunba, 2004).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a study conducted among Osun infants, protein energy malnutrition was discovered that it was in constant depletion. The lack of protein among the infants resulted to â€Å"stunting†. Stunting   has a significant presence in the rural areas, which is an indication of chronic under-nutrition in these areas (Ogunba, 2004). It was discovered that stunting was among the culprits of infant growth faltering, as a result from the consumption of complementary food, children from one to six months of age were experiencing a decrease in growth and health progress (Ogunba, 2004). Stunting is the most prevalent of the different manifestations of PEM (33.9 per cent), followed by underweight (21.0 per cent) and wasting (9.2 per cent) (Ogunba, 2004). Children need protein more than adults do because they are constantly growing and developing. The protein requirement of infants is per unit of body weight higher than those of adults. Reference Ogunba,B. (2004). Protein energy malnutrition in complemented breast-fed babies: implications of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the timing of complementary feeding. Nutrition & Food Science. Retrieved February 10,   Ã‚  Ã‚   2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://swtuopproxy.museglobal.com/MuseSessionID=af57a678251afeca8c38cca61826cae/   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   MuseHost=www.emeraldinsight.com/MusePath/Insight/ViewContentServlet?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Filename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0170340504.html

System Analysis Phase For The New System Essay - 1000 Words

In system analysis phase, an analysis is done on the current system functionality and also evaluation of the requirements from the users for the new system is done. This analysis is sub phased into 2 and they are determining requirements and structuring requirements. ïÆ'Ëœ Performing Requirements Determination o The Process of Determining Requirements Through the phase of requirements determinations, requirements are gathered by the analysts to determine how system should behave/do from different ways. These different ways of gathering requirements include, gathering from current system users, from existing reports, from monitoring existing users and from existing procedures followed in the system. All these requirements which are gathered in different ways are cautiously documented and arranged for structuring. o Deliverables and Outcomes Deliverables and outcomes for requirements are determined 1. While discussion or observation of users in the process of gathering requirements, there is lot of information gathered, this information is collected in the form of meeting notes, interview transcripts and observation of users. 2. Each organization may have a goals/mission/strategy/vision, part of requirements can be based out of these goals/mission/strategy/vision. Requirements can also be based or created out of existing written information in the organization, these include procedure manuals, job descriptions, training manuals, flowcharts and documentation of existingShow MoreRelatedSystem Development Life Cycle ( Sdlc )845 Words   |  4 PagesExplain each phase in SDLC with an example. ANALYSIS: DESIGN: DEVELOPMENT: IMPLEMENTATION: EVALUATION: System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) The Systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model that is used in the project management which describes the stages involved in the information system development project, from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the completed application. SDLC is used to correct problems in existing system, and to improve the system quality andRead MoreSample System Analysis And Design Essay940 Words   |  4 Pages KARTHIK JAVVAJI – 1370192 HOMEWORK 2 ISAM 5635.01 SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 1. The current as-in business process used for registering for classes at UHCL is Easy Access System for Enrollment (EASE). The EASE system requires to login to the website through student ID. Three types of registration periods are available for registration of classes per semester, they are 1. Early registration which is by only appointment, here students are assigned with certain time of theRead MorePhases, Steps, Techniques, And Deliverables1333 Words   |  6 Pages1. Compare and contrast phases, steps, techniques, and deliverables. Phases Steps Techniques Deliverables Evaluation of present system , gathering the required information and conducting case studies and implementing all those for our system. It contains number of steps preliminary analysis, proposing the required solutions describing the costs and benefits in each phase of Software Development Life Cycle. To execute each and every step in every phase we need to follow some of the techniques likeRead MoreTransition from Design to Implementation1522 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: Implementation Phase of Communication Assets Project (CAP) Implementation Phase of Communication Assets Project (CAP) Sandra Manchor University of Phoenix Abstract This paper discusses the implementation phase of the Communications Assets Project (CAP) Software Configuration Management (SCM). CAP is an interoperable communications inventory software package. The project manager for CAP has asked for an analysis for software configuration management. This paperRead MorePrincipal Steps Of The Planning Phase1352 Words   |  6 Pagesplanning phase. What are the major deliverables? 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Phase: it is the categorization of work that is to be performed Steps: The process that is involved in completing the work in a particular phase Techniques: The approach which helps to complete the steps involved in that particular phase Deliverables: The result/output that we get after completion of work So in order to complete a task we categorize it into different phases and each phase consists of sequential steps that are toRead MoreApplication Of An Enterprise Architecture1658 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Most organizations have different types of systems that have been implemented and being used for different purposes over the year of their operations. In this day and age, technologies seem to change rapidly with executives and managers finding it difficult to get a pictorial view of the existing systems whenever a new system is being implemented. The primary purpose of an enterprise architecture is to integrate the Information Technology (IT) assets across different departments ofRead Moreâ€Å"Why Is the Waterfall Model Valuable in the Management of Information Technology Projects?†1450 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) also known as â€Å"the waterfall model is an extremely valuable tool to use in the implementation or revamping of any company. The Systems Development Life Cycle provides a strategic foundation in which a company can either update its existing system, or a company can create an entirely new system from scratch. There are seven phases to the Systems Development Life Cycle, and each phase must be completed in order, before the next phase begins, the phase beforeRead MoreSample And Contrast Phase, Steps, Technique And Deliverables1394 Words   |  6 Pages 1.Compare and contrast phase,steps,technique and deliverables? A.A phase is a stage that can be executed sequentially,incrementally or in some other pattern.For example Requirement gathering and analysis,Design,Implementation,Testing and each phase consist of series of steps that are executed using a technique. A technique is a method that can be applied on a steps to create deliverables. and a deliverables is a specific documents or files that provides information and understanding about theRead MoreIntro to System Analysis and Design1720 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to System Analysis and Design    1. INTRODUCTION Systems are created to solve problems. One can think of the systems approach as an organized way of dealing with a problem. In this dynamic world, the subject System Analysis and Design, mainly deals with the software development activities. 2. Defining Your System A collection of components that work together to realize some objective forms a system. Basically there are three major components in every system, namely input, processing and

Critical Thinking Application - 1030 Words

Critical Thinking Application Paper Introduction Think deeply! Think and keep thinking. Still, not everyone who thinks or thinks deeply is actually critical thinking. You can be highly intelligent or have vast knowledge but that doesn’t mean that you can think critically. Using intelligence and knowledge to reach one’s rationale viewpoint and objective in what a critical thinker does. The opinions and beliefs of a critical thinker stand on firmer ground. Better decisions and problems solving are more credible and supported by reasons and facts instead of false information and statements. According to Paul and Elder (2006), â€Å"Critical thinking is that mode of thinking—about any subject, content, or problem—in which the thinker†¦show more content†¦Identify Characterize Arguments Critical thinkers identify and characterize arguments with evidence, data, proofs, and verification. Whether in verbal or written, critical thinker chose words and vocabulary carefully to accomplish well defined conclusions. The arguments can be deductive or inductive depending on the nature of the issues. A critical thinker should doubt that conclusion from either inductive or deductive arguments is absolute. The conclusion may be based on fact and evidence, but the fact and evidence can be erroneous. Examples can be found in court cases where a person who is found guilty by the jury is really innocent. On the other hand, guilty individuals do get away with the law if their evidences are not fully disclosed. Evaluate Information Sources Critical thinker evaluates information sources to get reliable and accurate information. Arguments are usually supported by facts to come to a conclusive conclusion, (Fisher, 2001). A critical thinker should questions to validity of the facts. Are the sources where the facts came from are dependable and true. When the answers to arguments are complicated with no clear answers, critical thinker should rely on more credible and accurate. The sources must have qualifications, and good reputation. Evaluate Arguments The evaluation arguments ask the whether the assumption are known toShow MoreRelatedCritical Thinking Application Paper985 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Thinking Application Paper According to Foundation for Critical Thinking (2009), â€Å"Critical thinking is that mode of thinking—about any subject, content, or problem—in which the thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully taking charge of the structures inherent in thinking and imposing intellectual standards upon them† (Defining Critical Thinking, para. 9). Thinking is part of everyone’s human nature. People who can separate their thoughts, analyze them, and changeRead MoreCritical Thinking Application Essay example1049 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Thinking Application Teaching higher order thinking skills is not a recent need. It is apparent that students, at all levels of education, are lagging in problem-solving and thinking skills. Fragmentation of thinking skills, however, may be the result of critical thinking courses and texts. Every course, especially in content subjects, students should be taught to think logically, analyze and compare, question and evaluate. Implications for Teaching Thinking must be practiced inRead MoreWhy My Leadership Style Is The Application Of Critical Thinking757 Words   |  4 Pagesthis point in my program is the application of critical thinking. People who are analytical thinkers can comprehend and implement critical thinking techniques easy, because they are second nature to them. 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Critical HR issues include: One of the critical HR issue that may have a direct influence on Starbucks when operating outside the United States is related to compliance with the employment and labor law in the host country: management should understand the labor law in the host countries, staff entitlements and benefits, staff promotions and compensations, recruitmentsRead MoreA Startup Company : The Development And Application Of Critical Thinking Skills2858 Words   |  12 PagesBrendan Fagan April 13, 2015 E-Commerce Entrepreneurship Dyreson A Startup Company: The Development and Application of Critical Thinking Skills Intro My enrollment in E-Commerce was the perfect junction of two of my top interests: private study and business. I found that E-Commerce was going to provide me with the sense of what the entrepreneurial life was like. Simply put, it was me putting my foot in the door of the business world. Taking a thought from my imagination and building it intoRead More The interaction of critical and creative thinking1522 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiments I used different forms of thinking, including critical and creative thinking, in order to form a hypothesis, analyze the data, and then come to a conclusion regarding results and my hypothesis. While knowledge can be formed through the interaction of critical and creative thinking, such as in my physics experiments, the statement given in the title implies that knowledge is solely generated through the interaction of critical and creative thinking. I intend to demonstrate that knowledgeRead MoreCritical Thinking And Core Self Reflective Learning1424 Words   |  6 PagesCritical Thinking and Core Self Reflective Learning: A Personalised Perspective Bradley Graham ABSTRACT The application of critical thinking and self-evaluation is limitless as it can be applied to everything simply by answering the following questions: What did I do? How did I do it? How could I do it better? And what would I do differently in the future to improve? Because of this critical thinking and self-reflective learning is essential in the development of an individuals self and skillsRead MoreExample of report Essay1015 Words   |  5 Pages1043 CREATIVE AND CRITICAL THINKING Assignment Report â€Å"Thinking is easy, acting is difficult, and put one’s thoughts into action is the most difficult thing in the world.† Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (German Playwright, Poet, Novelist and Dramatist. 1749-1832) Looking back at the lecturer career, the important of critical thinking to success in the career thinking skills is real, students may not know how to actually apply the information that receive to real world application culture, or livesRead MoreCritical Thinking And Clinical Reasoning1163 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Thinking and Clinical Reasoning Critical thinking and clinical reasoning are terms often used interchangeably throughout the history of nursing. However, they are not the same, and distinguishing the difference amongst them is important. The purpose of this paper is to define critical thinking and clinical reasoning, discuss each concepts similarities and differences, as well as share this author’s perspective on how critical thinking and clinical reasoning have developed and evolved throughoutRead MoreHealth And Health Development Of The Health Sector Essay1634 Words   |  7 Pages (III) APPLICATION IN CURRENT JOB Patients nutritional history is taken, weight check is done, height is measured and evaluation with the appropriate nutritional states as regards the age of the individual. (IV) USEFULNESS OF NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT IN CURRENT WORLD - Development of societies. - Key objective of progress in human development. - For good health and good nutritional status of the population. - To combat mild to serious learning disabilities which may result from malnourished child.

The French Revolution And The Age Of Enlightenment

Born of two fathers, the American Revolution and the age of enlightenment, the French revolution was primarily a social upheaval that conspired to overthrow religious and privileged classes. The French Revolution changed the degree to which the people were willing to suffer and sacrifice in order to achieve their war aims through democratizing the Army and creating the necessity of larger political alliances than ever before. Guibert wrote in his Essai: Imagine that there arose in Europe a people who united austere virtues with a national militia and a fixed plan of expansion, who did not lose sight of their system, who, knowing how to make war cheaply and to live by their victories, were not reduced to putting their arms aside because of by their financial calculations. One would see this people subjugate its neighbors, and overturn feeble constitutions like the wind bends over fragile reeds. l will discuss how the French Revolution democratized the Army and created pol itical alliances of increasing scale which nationalized efforts changing Western Europeans forever. The French Revolution democratized the army which increased loyalty, participation and capabilities. Prior to the revolution the Officer Corps was filled with aristocrats while the soldiers were indentured servants and mercenaries. Soldiers were taught to fear their officers more than the enemy, while campaigning the army required enormous logistical requirements greatly limiting theirShow MoreRelatedTo What Extent Was The Enlightenment The Main Driving Force Behind The American And French Revolutions?1479 Words   |  6 Pagesfocuses on the causes of Atlantic Revolutions and will explore the question: To what extent was the Enlightenment the main driving force behind the American and French Revolutions? The years 1685 to 1815 (Strayer, 2011) will be the focus of this investigation to allow for an analysis of the Enlightenment ideas’ impact the need for governmental change in the American colonies and France during the eighteenth century, as well as their governmental influ ences post-revolutions. †¯ The first source whichRead MoreLiberalism in French Revolution Through Enlightenment1593 Words   |  7 PagesTHE LIBERAL REVOLUTION -UNDER THE IDEA OF ENLIGHTENMENT Dare to know! Have courage to use your own reason!-Kant Contents ENLIGHTENMENT AS AN IDEA: 3 FRENCH SOCIETY: 3 THE LIBERAL REVOLUTION: 3 CRITICISM ON THE IDEA OF LIBERALISM: 4 CONCLUSION 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY 6 ENLIGHTENMENT AS AN IDEA: â€Å"Enlightenment is mans emergence from his self-imposed nonage†¦ Sapere Aude! Dare to Know! Have the courage to use your own understanding is therefore the motto of the EnlightenmentRead MoreThe Enlightenment Era Of 1620 And 1789910 Words   |  4 Pages Enlightenment Era of 1620 and 1789 The European politics, communication, science and philosophy were radically reoriented between 1685 and 1815, during a time that was referred to as the Age of Reason, or in other words, the Enlightenment Era. The European thinkers from Britain, France and throughout Europe started questioning the traditional authority and developed the idea that humanity could be made better through rational change. As a result of the Enlightenment, there was production of numerousRead MoreThe Enlightenment s Influence On The French Revolution885 Words   |  4 PagesMaheera Syed The Enlightenment’s Influence on the French Revolution No one could have imagined the impact that the Enlightenment would have and its long-lasting effect. The Enlightenment and its ideas became so widespread that they did not only affect France, but many other countries also. The French Revolution was directly inspired and influenced by the Enlightenment. Revolutionaries in France built their cause around the ideals of the Age of Reason. Reason, reform and modernity took hold mainlyRead MoreWhat Caused The French Revolution?917 Words   |  4 PagesWhat caused the French Revolution? Many things contributed to it evolving. But only three were the most important. The influence dates back all the way to the Age of Enlightenment, the ideas definitely had an effect on the French citizens. The American Revolution ties with the Enlightenment as well. The political inequality of the three estates played a huge part in the disruption. In addition to that, the Economic inequality also influenced France. The French Revolution is a big and memorable partRead MoreFrench Revolution: the Solution to Class Inequality1141 Words   |  5 Pages The French Revolution was one of the most important events that occurred in the history of France. The revolution crumpled the Old Regime and completely transformed the social and political system of France. The people of France sought to establish a more egalitarian society through their newly created Republic. 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In fact, for an event to be considered a revolution that event must bring about significant political, social, ideological, religious or even technological change. Throughout history there have been some very noteworthy revolutions such as the Agricultural Revolution, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution. Of all the revolutions in history, it is perhaps the French Revolution that remains the most romanticized in the mindsRead MoreEnlightenment During The French Revolution1423 Words   |  6 Pages Enlightenment during The French Revolution: Two of the Greatest Eras Working Together Without Knowing Molly Dauk Honors World History Mrs. Bartosik May 5, 2017 The Enlightenment and the French Revolution, two of the most enriched periods of history, probably never to be left out of the history books. The French Revolution was influenced greatly by the Age of Reason. The Enlightenment period took place over about three-hundred years, whereas the French Revolution took place for onlyRead MoreThe Political, Economic and Social Aspects of the Enlightenment1109 Words   |  5 PagesAspects the Enlightenment The Enlightenment, also known as Age of Reason, was a cultural movement that spread through England, France, Germany, and other parts of Europe. The Enlightenment mainly focused on mathematics, science, art, philosophy, politics and literature in the 1700s. This movement took away the fear of the world and the medieval views that were placed upon the people for so many years, and it also opened their eyes to new ideas and reason. Old beliefs such as French monarchy (the

Text Analysis of the Epic of Gilgamesh Free Essays

Jill Seymour HST 197 Dr. Smith September 17, 2012 Text Analysis of The Epic of Gilgamesh The question I thought about while reading this text was what the role is for women, and how their actions and descriptions reveal Mesopotamian attitudes concerning gender. The female gender was not highly looked upon during these times. We will write a custom essay sample on Text Analysis of the Epic of Gilgamesh or any similar topic only for you Order Now The only time you see a respected female figure is when the mother of a son is being talked about. Any other time females are being talked about, they are portrayed with vulgar characteristics and seen as simply being there to serve the man. I will go through both ways the women are being portrayed, and relate them back to how they reveal Mesopotamian culture. The main woman character in this story is Ishtar. Ishtar is the goddess of love, fertility, and war; the Queen of Heaven. Normally when you think of the word goddess, a majestic and noble type of being comes to mind. Ishtar is portrayed as the complete opposite in The Epic of Gilgamesh. The first time she comes into play she uses the characteristics of a prostitute to lure in the man that she wants, which at the time is Enkidu. Ishtar is told â€Å"make your breasts bare, have no shame. Let him see you naked, let him possess your body† (Sandars, 3). It then goes on to say that â€Å"she was not ashamed to take him, she made herself naked and welcomed his eagerness† (Sandars, 4). Before she is told to lay with Enkidu, the story explains that this is not the first man she has done this to. Ishtar is being used for this, because she is known to have her way with the men and they don’t know how to tell her no because of her beauty. The way Ishtar is seen relates back to Mesopotamian culture in showing that women were not very important in society. They were mainly there to serve the man and to reproduce. They were looked at in two ways; the daughter of her father, or the wife of her husband. At an early age girls were trained to do the roles of a good wife and mother. It was not frowned upon in their culture for women to be at the mercy of the men. Women were able to own property and have jobs outside of the home, but that decreased when more distinct social classes arose in the second millennium. â€Å"Husbands gained authority in the household and benefited from the marriage and divorce laws† (Bulliet, 18). Even the law was against women and helped out the male gender in almost every situation. The next time she comes into play, we are seeing similar characteristics of her trying to lure in the man she wants when she is trying to get Gilgamesh to marry her. â€Å"Come to me Gilgamesh,† she says, â€Å"make me your bridegroom; grant me seed of your body† (Sandars, 25). She tells him she will give him anything he can possibly imagine if he would only marry her. When Gilgamesh refuses the offer we see a different side of Ishtar. She starts being portrayed as evil and self-centered. Ishtar goes to her father in tears saying to kill Gilgamesh for refusing her proposal or she will let all of hell break free, literally. Even marriage in the Mesopotamian culture benefitted the man more than the woman. â€Å"A man normally took just one wife, but he could obtain a second if the first gave him no children† (Bulliet, 18). The woman was to be a servant, of sorts, to the husband, and was expected to give him children. Later they became a way to keep wealth in the family by arranged marriages. Kings and rich men had several wives. Marriage alliances arranged between families made women instruments for preserving and enhancing family wealth† (Bulliet, 18). Even here they are referred to as â€Å"instruments†, and not given the respect of a human being. If the woman didn’t bare children, she was easily replaceable. If the woman came from a wealthy family, or her family wanted to become wealthy, they would arrange a marriage for her to gain or keep wealth in the family. On the other hand, women weren’t always looked at in this manner. Gilgamesh respected his mother very much so, and would go to her for advice. His mother, Ninsun, is said to be a minor goddess, but she is noted in a couple different places for her wisdom. â€Å"Now Gilgamesh got up to tell his dream to his mother, Ninsun, one of the wise gods† (Sandars, 5). In Mesopotamian culture, even the women gods were respected by the people. They thought them all to be wise and would seek their guidance in certain situations. Their religious beliefs brought this respect, and in some ways fear, to honor the gods so they would be gracious in return. Religious beliefs instilled fear of the gods, who could alter the landscape, and desire to appease them† (Belliet, 19). The Mesopotamians believed that the gods were human like in form, but that if they were to be unhappy by something the people did, they could alter anything in their lives, and in some cases even kill them. Overall, women were not looked at then the same ways they are looked at today. The cultural norm for women was to serve the men with their bodies and in their actions. If they did not give the man the children he wanted, she could be replaced. At an early age they were being trained to have the skills of a good wife and mother. It was not frowned upon for a man to have more than one wife. This did not happen often until around the second mullinium, but was quite oftenly seen with the kings and rich men. The another way the women were used in this society was to keep or gain wealth for her family. The families would arrange the marriages for her daughter, and she would have to make sure to keep her husband happy so she was not replaced. The gods and goddesses were feared and respected on the other hand. They were able to manipulate what would happen in the people’s lives, so they made sure to keep them happy; even the women were kept happy in this sense. Mesopotamian culture wasn’t too far off from how some things are looked at in today’s society, but women were not very important in their society. They were only there for few reasons, and if they didn’t meet those expectations they were replaceable. Today we would say that is unjust and against our rights, but that is a privilege we now have in our country that those women were not able to achieve. Aren’t we glad to live in today’s society where men and women have equal rights? How to cite Text Analysis of the Epic of Gilgamesh, Essay examples