Research Paper on the emergency response of InternationaL Nashville

On the emergency response of InternationaL Nashville Airport, Tennesse - Research Paper Example There are different types of emergency: natural disasters and man-made situations and disasters. The natural disasters may appear in the shape of hurricanes, tornadoes, and earthquakes while man-made disasters include acts of terrorism, food poisoning or any other issue that may be technical. Based on this assessment, the emergency response plan cannot be absolute or perfect; rather, it may be developed based on the type of the disaster. However, there are certain aviation standards, procedures and protocols essential for all types of emergencies or accidents. In the following parts of this paper, Incident Command System (ICS) has been discussed. It is a national level protocol describing the different aspects and concepts related to emergency. The key concepts inbuilt in it are common terminology, unity of command and so on. It is followed by the part mentioning Nashville International Airport background and different awards (as well as reasons for them) won by the airport. Addition ally, the subsequent paragraph elaborates the basic information relating to the airport. After that part, rules and regulations relating to the Accident Reports and Emergency Conditions have been provided and discussed. These rules and regulations have been taken from Metropolitan Nashville Airport Authority. Before the conclusion part, the analysis of Nashville Airport emergency response exercises has been provided. The exercises have been described in detail to provide different steps taken by different authorities while responding to the emergency situations. The Incident Command System (ICS) is a nationally developed and controlled collection of constructs, procedures and operating practices providing synergistic principles for emergency response agencies (Kenville et al., 2009). This system was initially developed and established in 1970s in numerous formats and has become the widely used de facto standard amongst all agencies, particularly those

Redemption in the Kite Runner Essay Example for Free

Redemption in the Kite Runner Essay Throughout â€Å"The Kite Runner† Amir is portrayed as a boy who is always trying to make up or redeem himself for the mistakes he couldn’t control, or made. By Amir winning the tournament he tries to redeem himself since he believes he caused his mother’s death, but by redeeming himself for that he witnessed the mistake for not standing up for Hassan. After winning the tournament with the help of Hassan he redeems himself for his father. Amir is weak in Baba’s eyes, and thinks everything his son does is incorrect. Amir wants to be Baba’s favourite and for Baba to give him all of his attention, due to their expectations in one another. Baba is redeemed to his son after he wins and beats the record in the kite tournament. Amir risked his life by going back to Afghanistan. After leaving Afghanistan at the age of eighteen. Escaping inside the tank of a gas trunk, after the attack of Russians on Afghanistan. Amir had no reason to go back, until one day when Rahim Khan tells him about Hassan’s death. However the most shocking part of the letter concerns Hassan’s real father, which is Baba. Amir stands up for Sohrab by fighting Assef for him. When Amir returns to Afghanistan to find Sohrab proves to be the solution to his quilt towards Hassan, it also is the source of the redemption he so desperately wants to seek. He chose to find Sohrab and tries his hardest to give him a better life even if that does mean sacrificing his own safety. Therefor throughout â€Å"The Kite Runner† Amir is portrayed as a boy who is always trying to make up or redeem himself for the mistakes he made, but does redeem himself towards his father, Sohrab and especially Hassan. As Hassan’s and Amir’s father would say â€Å"a boy who can’t stand up for himself becomes a man who can’t stand up to anything† but Amir indicates he can stand up for himself.

Science Terminology :: essays research papers

1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Active transport- The movement of a chemical substance through a gradient of concentration or electrical potential in the direction opposite to normal diffusion, requiring the expenditure of energy: active transport across a cell membrane. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cell- The smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning, consisting of one or more nuclei, cytoplasm, and various organelles, all surrounded by a semi permeable cell membrane. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cell membrane- The semi permeable membrane that encloses the cytoplasm of a cell. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cell theory- a theory in biology that includes one or both of the statements that the cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of living matter and that the organism is composed of autonomous cells with its properties being the sum of those of its cells 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cell wall- a theory in biology that includes one or both of the statements that the cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of living matter and that the organism is composed of autonomous cells with its properties being the sum of those of its cells Chloroplast- A chlorophyll-containing plastid found in algal and green plant cells. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chromatin- A complex of nucleic acids and proteins, primarily histones, in the cell nucleus that stains readily with basic dyes and condenses to form chromosomes during cell division 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chromosome- A threadlike linear strand of DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that carries the genes and functions in the transmission of hereditary information. 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Concentration- The amount of a specified substance in a unit amount of another substance. 9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cytoplasm- The protoplasm outside the nucleus of a cell Cytoskeleton- The internal framework of a cell, composed largely of actin filaments and microtubules. 10.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Diffusion- The spontaneous intermingling of the particles of two or more substances as a result of random thermal motion. DNA- A nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in the cell and is capable of self-replication and synthesis of RNA. DNA consists of two long chains of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and joined by hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases adenine and thymine or cytosine and guanine. The sequence of nucleotides determines individual hereditary characteristics. 11.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Endocytosis - A process of cellular ingestion by which the plasma membrane folds inward to bring substances into the cell. Endoplasmic reticulum- A membrane network within the cytoplasm of cells involved in the synthesis, modification, and transport of cellular materials. 12.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eukaryote- A single-celled or multicellular organism whose cells contain a distinct membrane-bound nucleus. 13.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Exocytosis - A process of cellular secretion or excretion in which substances contained in vesicles are discharged from the cell by fusion of the vesicular membrane with the outer cell membrane.

Culture in Piano and Drums by Gabriel Okara Essay -- Culture Symbolism

Culture in Piano and Drums by Gabriel Okara In the poem â€Å"Piano and Drums† the poet Gabriel Okara depicts and contrasts two different cultures through symbolism of pianos and drums. The Poem is divided into four stanzas. The first two stanzas represent the â€Å"drum† culture and the second two stanzas show the â€Å"piano† culture. The description of the drums is in two stanzas, but is one sentence long. The first line of the first stanza: ‘When at break of day at a riverside’ Uses trochees to emphasize the deliberate broken rhythm. The stanza has savage words, â€Å"bleeding flesh,† â€Å"urgent raw,† â€Å"leopard snarling,† â€Å"spears poised,† to show that this is a primitive culture, one which has dependency on the environment, as is represented by the â€Å"hunters crouch with spears poised.† The environment in this culture is physically dangerous, surrounded by wild animals. Drums here are a way of communication, and â€Å"jungle drums telegraphing the mystic rhythm, urgent, raw†¦Ã¢â‚¬  shows the way of life in this culture. This is life which is simple, near the beginnings of man. The stanza uses alliteration, consonances and similes to give a rhythm that is like that of a drum. Threatening imagery is also used to give the image of danger and show physical hazards. The first stanza mainly describes the way of life and sets the scene. It shows how the drums are associated with the jungle and a primitive way of life. In the second stanza the persona says how when he hears the drums, he goes back to his youth, â€Å"my blood ripples, turns torrent, topples the years...† reminiscent of his childhood to when things were simpler and carefree, â€Å"in my mother’s lap a suckling.† The repetition of the ‘t’ sound in â€Å"turns, torrent and top... ...† shows how he is lost between the two societies- between his background and upbringing and what he is aspired to be. â€Å"Wandering in the mystic rhythm of jungle drums and the concerto.† The poem follows a logical format with each stanza beginning with â€Å"When, And, Then and And.† The connotations of each instrument contrast with one another, with Drums illustrating primitive behaviour, and a savage, dangerous culture. The connotations of the piano are complex and technical. The piano uses significantly different word sounds, showing that it is learnt, westernized and intricate compared to the drums which is instinctive and naturally acquired, and simple. The poem uses no set rhyme pattern which suits the poem as it has an undecided effect, emphasizing the confusion of the persona over his future. There is some iambic use as well as the use of trochees.

Unit 6 Healthy Environment

Unit 6 Promoting a Healthy Environment for Children E1) Practitioners can work on promoting and maintain a healthy lifestyle and environment by: ? Allowing children to have a balanced diet, this can be done by encouraging children to eat their five-a-day. By reading books and poems that they can join into, this will help children to remember the importance of having a balanced diet. By having fruit and vegetables provided for the children in school, helps them to eat at least on piece a day. The School Fruit & Vegetable scheme is a programme that helps to increase fruit & vegetable intake.This is important as each child deserves a healthy start in life as it may influence their health in the future. The School Fruit & Vegetable Scheme states: â€Å"By providing four to six year old children with an extra portion of fruit or vegetable each school day, along with a positive and enjoyable experience of eating fruit and vegetables, the scheme encourages children to develop positive atti tudes towards fruit and vegetables. † (www. dh. gov. uk) ? If a child is allowed regular exercise it allows motivation of brain activity, aids the digestive system, develops bone density and maintains it and strengths the muscles.Physical activities such as practical training, P. E. , climbing frames and riding bikes help children to develop social skills as they are playing with each other. The British Heart Foundation proposes â€Å"That children and young people need at least one hour of moderate activity a day. † This does not have to be done at one time, but can be at different times during the day. As young children are still developing practitioners should allow them to have a stop-start approach to exercise, when children are feeling tired they should be allowed to sit down and rest for the amount of time they want before getting up and playing again.Practitioners should encourage children to do exercise outside of the setting as well as inside. They could do th is by joining Walk to School 2008, when the practitioners talk about this with the children they are able to learn about the benefits of walking, road safety, awareness and the environment around them. 50% of children do not walk to school regularly and more are being driven to and from school, by being driven children are reducing their physical activity. ?Risk assessments identify and minimise risks, they are not created to make n environment risk free. Practitioners should encourage children to take risks, as long as they are managed and strongly supervised. By doing so they are promoting a healthy environment as all settings have risks, as long as these risks don’t stop children from doing anything they could help to create an enabling environment. Danks and Schofield state: â€Å"Life if full of risk, so the best way to prepare children for life is to ensure that they [learn] how to judge risk for themselves. † (Source: Danks, F. & Schofield, J (2005) Natureâ€⠄¢s Playground) E2/B1)There are many different types of legislations which helps to maintain that a child has a right to life, development, to be healthy and also the right for children to have an education. E3/E4) Factors such as housing, poverty, breast feeding and the child’s lifestyle may affect their health and well being at differing times in their lives. ?Housing affects the health of a child as it can cause a lot of diseases if the house is poorly maintained or designed the most remarkably is asthma. If a house is overcrowded it may be dangerous to a child's health as diseases may be transmitted between each family member.Poverty is linked with poor housing as if a family was to live on a low income it would be harder for them to heat the house as it would be expensive. In addition to this home insurance would be expensive for families in poor housing as these areas would be more likely to be hit by crime. As families are living on a lower income the furniture may be unsafe as they haven’t got the money to fix or buy another one. Poor housing effects children’s social skills as the parents may feel that they don’t want the child’s friends around as they are ashamed of the way they are living.As a result to this the children may feel left out of discussions that are happening in their setting. Children may also feel they are losing out as they do not have the space at home to do any extra activities, such as homework. ?Diet and exercise is important to a child as it plays a main part in their development. Breast feeding a baby gives them the best nutritional start in life, over the months, the milk’s composition changes to meet the nutritional needs of the baby as it growing and developing.By breast feeding it lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease, is associated with better cognitive development and the milk contains antibodies which means the baby is less likely to get a disease in their earliest months of life. They are less likely to develop food allergies, respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses and are less likely to become obese adults. When breastfeeding the mother and baby are able to build a bond between them, furthermore as there is no sterilising it is more hygienic. As breast milk needs no preparation it is always ready, always at the right temperature and free.Mothers who have a lower income are more likely to breast feed immediately after birth, then bottle feed. ?Families and their communities have an effect on children, as some families like to spend there spare time playing sports and others looking after animals. As more children are staying indoors to play with friends on game consoles, computers and watching television they are not allowing themselves to physical activity outdoors. In addition to this if children were to play indoors, they do not have enough space to run around, as children are always reminded not to run inside and to slow down.So unless activiti es are carefully organised it can be hard for a larger scale activity to happen, which is why fine motor skills activities are usually promoted indoors. If a child is living with a lone parent who has an abusive partner, this could have an effect on the child, as the child may see the abusive behaviour and feel this is the way he/she should behave towards their parent. This may affect the child’s mental health as well. E5) Mealtime routines include following the parents instructions, as some parents may want their child to eat at certain times as it follows the routine the child has at home.Sometimes the parents may want to work with the practitioners to establish a regular mealtime routine. All children have different diets, e. g. lactose intolerant, vegetarian, gluten and wheat free diet etc, and this should all be taking into consideration. Practitioners and the child’s family should talk about which foods are and are not appropriate for the child before starting th e setting. Most children would prefer to use their fingers when eating, but should be given the opportunity to develop their skills by using a spoon, fork and then a knife.These should be the child sized versions and appropriate to the child’s age, level of development and culture. Children should also be encouraged to use the cutlery safely; in addition to this children should find mealtimes a pleasurable time and not feel like it is a battle zone. If children are put with other children it becomes a social experience of the eating there meal together. In the appendix, child K was observed while eating lunch, the intended learning objective was for her to use her spoon more instead of using her fingers to eat her lunch.When eating the child K behaved in a calm manner and followed the instructions that the practitioner had given her, when asked to use her spoon instead of her fingers. Child K was able to communicate with the practitioner in an effective way as she the practit ioner to open the yogurt for her. By looking at the appendix, I can see that child K is becoming more confident when using her spoon, as she would use her fingers at certain times but then go back to using her spoon; she was also able to use a pincer grip.At certain times when she could not use the spoon to pick up food she resulted back to her fingers. So by the end of the observation I feel like the intended learning objective was successful. Naptime routines are needed as most young children need lots of sleep. When putting children to bed it can sometimes be a challenging time. This is because the child can become stressed in addition to this it could also be a time of warmth and security. As all children may not want to sleep, practitioners could create a relaxed and quite rest time for them.Some children may have outgrown the need for a daytime sleep in that case there should be a restful mood created where children can do some quite activities, such as completing a jigsaw whi ch can help the body to unwind and rest. As all children are different they may have specific requirements to help them full asleep such as having a comforter or a glass/bottle of hot milk. If a child id with someone that is recognisable to them they may find it easier to fall asleep, then with someone that they are not so familiar with.As seen in the appendix, children between the ages of one and four years need an average of 10 and 14 hours sleep. As whilst asleep this is when the cells in the body and brain can repair themselves and are less vulnerable to illnesses and accidents. When the body is deprived of sleep a child’s concentration, temper and ability to learn is also affected. E6) Activity 1: Activity 😠 To grow watercress| (brief description)| | | We want the children to learn that growing part of their 5-a-day| | can be fun. In addition to this to help them try new foods, which| | they would have a hand in preparing. | This links with the EYFS as in Knowledg e and Understanding of| What do we want| the World (Exploration and Investigation pg 80). The early| the children to| learning goals for a child aged 40-60+ months are:| learn? | ? Investigating objectives and materials by using all of their| (learning intentions)| senses as appropriate. | | ? Find out about, and identify, some features of living things,| | objects and events they observe. | | ? Look closely at similarities, differences, patterns and change. | | ? Ask questions about why things happen and how things work. Number of children| Four| in group:| | Ages of children| 4 – 5 years old| the group:| | | In the weeks before the activity we will be the teaching the| | children about the importance of having 5-a-day and also about| How will the| how plants grow. On the day of the activity, which would be in the| activity be| morning, I would sit them on the carpet and explain to them what| introduced? | we are going to do which is growing our own watercress. I would| (Wha t will the adult| explain to them that this would be done in groups of four, so if| be doing?What will| they are not chosen the first time they would be chosen| the children be| throughout the morning, so everyone will have a go. A certain are| doing? )| of the room will be cornered of for the activity and the children| | would be told that they are only allowed in this area if| | accompanied with an adult. | How will the| I and each child will have a plant pot in front of them. I will| activity be| demonstrate to the children what they have to do while| developed? | encouraging the children to follow my actions i. e. putting soil in| (What will the adult| the plant pot the pushing the seeds into the soil and after| be doing?What will| watering the plant. Lastly each child will take their plant pot to the| the children be| designated area on the window ledge, so that their plants are| doing? )| able to get light. | Resources:| Soil| | Watercress Seeds| | Water| | Plant pots| | | Key vocabulary/| Grow| questions:| How long do you think it will take for the watercress to start| | growing? | How will individual| If a child finishes early give them something else to do but| needs be met? | remind them to wash their hands. If a child has difficulty help| (Differentiation)| them along so they don’t feel left out. | Plenary? I will once again bring the children to the carpet and ask them if| (How will you bring| they enjoyed the activity. I would then explain to them that the| the activity to a| activity is no over and that everyday each child will get to water| close? How will you| their plan, so we are able to watch them grow. | focus on the purpose| After a month or two, when the plants have grown, we will use| of the activity? )| the watercress in a salad that we make. After this done each| | child will be able to take their plant home. | | | Activity 2: Activity 😠 Informing teenagers why protected sex is important| (brief description)| |What do we want| To understand why we must protect ourselves when having sex. | the children to| | learn? | | (learning intentions)| | Number of children| 28 in the class but for certain activities they will be split into groups| in group:| of four. | Ages of children the| 15 – 16 years old| group:| | | Send out a letter to parents informing them that their child would be| How will the activity| taking part in a series of activities about STIs (Sexual Transmitted| be introduced? | Infections) and if they did not want their child to take part in this,| (What will the adult| they could inform us. be doing? What will| After this letter had been sent out, I would remind the children who| the children be| are participating the day before. The morning of the activity I would| doing? )| remind the teenagers to be on their best behaviour and if they feel| | uncomfortable about anything they would be allowed to leave the| | classroom. | | Throughout the morning there will be a range of activitie s, the| | teenagers will first fill out a questionnaire of what they know about| How will the activity| STIs and how they think they are transmitted. After this they would| be developed? be presented with a PowerPoint presentation about STIs. | (What will the adult| They will then get into groups of four and discuss what they have| be doing? What will| just seen and learnt. In addition to this in their groups of four, they| the children be| will have to make a poster on a chosen STI, leaflets and handouts| doing? )| will be given to them. After given the teenagers one hour to do that| | they would be allowed to feedback to the rest of the class. This| | allows the whole class to gain more knowledge and as it is group| | work allows the shyest of teenager participate. | | Resources:| Leaflets/Handouts| | Felt tips| | A3 sugar paper| | PowerPoint presentation| | http://www. nhs. uk/LiveWell/SexualHealth/Pages/Sexualhealthhome. | | aspx| | http://www. condomessentialwear. co. uk/| | ht tp://www. ruthinking. co. uk/| | http://sexperienceuk. channel4. com/| Key vocabulary/| STIs| questions:| | How will individual| By allowing children to walk out the class if they don’t feel| needs be met? | comfortable. | (Differentiation)| | Plenary? | Get the teenagers to fill out a questionnaire about what they have| (How will you bring| learnt throughout the morning. | he activity to a| Give them leaflets about different STI’s and allow the posters they| close? How will you| have done to be put up so to inform over teenagers, this will also| focus on the purpose| allow them to feel that their work is appreciated and it wasn’t just a| of the activity? )| pointless activity. | | | D1) Routines can promote and maintain a healthy lifestyle: ? Mealtime routines support healthy eating as once babies are weaned, it is important for them to eat a variety of healthy foods. As babies are still developing their sense of taste it is important this is when it happens.As children get older they will have more of a preference of what they would like to eat, but new foods could still be introduced if the child helps to prepare them, this would also help them improve their self-confidence as they are eating something that they helped to make. If children help to lay the table at mealtimes this would help them gain independence. Mealtime routines can promote a balanced diet, by eating a variety of fruit and vegetables, bread, other cereals and potatoes, meat, fish and alternatives, milk and dairy foods, foods containing fat and sugar.Children are able to develop a strong, well formed body; they would have enough energy to keep warm and active, grow to their full potential height, maintain an appropriate weight for their height and age. Hygiene is interlinked with mealtime routines, as both adults and children should wash their hands after visiting the toilet, changing a nappy and giving a feed, by doing this they will be preventing the spread of germs. By the adults doing this they can become role models to the children, which encourages them to wash their hands. In addition to this it should be explained to children why they are washing their hands e. . they are dirty and may have germs on them. There should be soap and water for them to wash their hands and individual towels for the children to dry them, preventing the spread of germs. As children get older To allow children to have a structure, as children start to understand at certain times they will have to do activities. they should be encouraged to wash their hands and face by themselves, this allows them to gain independence. Furthermore it helps them with gaining confidence to wash when at home, as they have done it at nursery. Sleep/rest routines promote a healthy environment as when children are tired they become restless and irritable, where they find it hard to control their emotions. By having this sort of routine the children are able to unwind from the activities that they have done and allow their bodies to prepare for oncoming activities. Children need specific hours of sleep; this can be done with a sleep pattern throughout the day. This also helps the children as they know at certain times of the day it is time for them to sleep and unwind.When sleeping the body’s heart rate, bodily functions and breathing slow down meaning that when they wake they feel more refreshed and allows concentration, frame of mind and memory to function properly. If children are deprived from sleep it can cause the brain to suffer long deprivation. When children wake they may feel unsettled, so the child should be made to feel comforted. As the body loses water when it is asleep children should be offered a drink of water when woken. As well as children who are toilet trained should be familiar with the fact that when they wake they should use the toilet.Activities can promote and maintain a healthy lifestyle: ? In my first activity in E6 (cooking potat oes and vegetables) it interlinks with children having their 5-a-day, it also encourages them to help when preparing food. As potato is a vegetable it counts as one of their 5-a-day if a handful is eating. Even if a child is not keen on vegetables, when helping to prepare food the child is more likely to eat it. This is also a social event as the children are able to sit and talk together, which also develops respects for each other. In an everyday environment e. . a setting, practitioners could provide opportunities of different foods to children in a relaxed environment, which allows a unique chance to encourage healthy eating alongside the growth of educational and social skills. â€Å"Young people’s eating patterns can be shaped through a variety of routes. Schools offer most important opportunity for educating children on nutritional issues and facilitating and encouraging healthy eating patterns alongside the development of academic and social skills. † (Source: www. thesnackpack. net (2002))When using the watercress in meals it is important that the children use their sense of smell, they will also enjoy the fact that they grew it themselves this links with the EYFS. C1) The reason for planning and implementing activities which contribute to promoting and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are: ? ?Planning activities help to identify children’s needs, and provide for them. E. g. a washing clothes activity, things such as fragrances and chemicals in the washing powder could make the child’s eczema flare up, so if an activity like this was to be planned biological soap powder would be preferred.This would help the practitioner plan, to every child’s need no matter the age or size. These plans should be established on the child’s abilities and be able to support them rather then on the age norms for the child. ?When planning trips the child to staff ratio is considered, as it is important that there are enough staff m ember, so that children are kept a watchful eye on and are in a safe environment. If there is not enough staff members this will not be possible and children are at a higher risk of going missing.They would also be able to look at activities that they have done before to see if improvements can be made for the next time. ?If activities are not planned correctly there can be risks associated with they activity, where children can be put in harm and danger. When making risk assessments it is important to: 1. Recognize the hazard/s (which is anything that may cause harm to yourself or the child? ) 2. Decide who the hazard may affect and how? 3. Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions. 4. Record the findings and put them into practice. 5. Review the risk assessment.By reviewing the assessment the practitioner would be able to see if it has got better, and if the hazard is still there, if anything needs changing it is possible. They will also be able to go back to the assessment if anything was to go wrong. ? When children have special needs, it is important to incorporate this with the planning of the setting. As they may need outside help to support the needs of the child. Child psychiatrists are an example of this as they work with children who are showing emotional and depression difficulties. As these doctors have been trained in mental health they specialise in helping children.This helps support children to develop in areas which they are struggling in but because of emotional difficulties are missing out on. E2/B1) There are several different legislations that support the rights of children to a healthy lifestyle and help to safeguard and underpin the rights of children in life. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child is one regulation that supports this. This regulation is an international agreement, which was drawn up in 1989; it applies to all children and young people under the age of 18 years.Article 2 (from the Little Book of Chi ldren’s Rights ; Responsibilities, given by Angela Marney on Wednesday 8th October 2008) says that â€Å"The convention applies to everyone, whatever their race, religion, abilities, whatever they think or say, whatever type of family they come from. † This article shows that practitioners and the government should be diverse when dealing with children. In addition to this it shows that children should be treated equally by adults no matter their race or colour as by doing this the children are learning by modelling the behaviour of the adult.If a child is not treated equally they may feel left out and it may emotionally distress the child, meaning that the child may feel different compared to the other children. Article 12 (from the Little Book of Children’s Rights ; Responsibilities, given by Angela Marney on Wednesday 8th October 2008) says, â€Å"Children have the right to say what they think should happen, when adults are making decisions that affect them, and to have their opinions taken into account. † This article shows that children’s opinions are important and should be taking into consideration and should be consulted hen their parents are separating, as the child should have a preference of who they stay with. As the child decision may not be final, it would be taking into consideration, when trying to make that final decision. Article 19 (from the Little Book of Children’s Rights ; Responsibilities, given by Angela Marney on Wednesday 8th October 2008) says, â€Å"Governments should ensure that children are properly cared for, and protect them from violence, abuse and neglect by their parents, or anyone else who looks after them. This article is important as children should not be subjected to cruelty. Children are being subjected to cruelty by the same people that are meant to be protecting them from the world; no adult has the right to subject any child to this. The Children Act 1989 also helps to suppo rt the rights of children. â€Å"The Children Act 1989 covers the following: ?reforms the law relating to children; ?makes provision for local authority services for children in need and others; ? amends the law with respect to children's homes, community home, voluntary homes and voluntary organisations; ? akes provision with respect to fostering, child minding and day care for young children and adoption, and for connected purposes. † (Source: http://www. dcsf. gov. uk/childrenactreport/ Accessed: 19/01/2009) It was updated in 2004 to include Every Child Matters: Change for Children, this was an approach to look for the well-being of children and young people from birth to 19 years. The aim of this is to make sure that every child, whether their background or their circumstances, to have the support they need to: ? Be healthy ?Stay safe Enjoy and achieve ?Make a positive contribution ?Achieve economic well-being. Any organisation that is involved with providing services for children, teams up to provide new ways to work together and share information to help protect children from harm and help them to achieve what they want in life. A1) My first experience was an afternoon trip to The Co-Operative. We took a group of children aged 2-3 years, after they had woken from there afternoon nap. The aim of the trip was to teach the children about the different fruit and vegetables.As there were only four children there was me and one member of staff, we both had two children, we walked as The Co- Operative wasn’t far from us. We made sure that the children had their coats so that they could stay warm. The only major barrier was that we had to cross the road, as there was a zebra crossing we used that. There was also a lollipop lady, we made sure that they looked left and right to see if any cars were coming and explained to them why we were doing this. When arriving at The Co-Operative we made sure that the children stayed close and were in eye sight a t all times.When we found the fruit and vegetables, we asked them questions, such as if they knew what they were called and if they knew the colours of them. My second experience was a trip to the park; the children had finished their morning activities. There were three members of staff and me, we took a group of eight children, and like the first activity there were two children to each adult but this time the children’s ages ranged between 2-4 years. The reason for the trip was for the children to get some fresh air and to exercise.As it was a sunny day the children did not need coats but all had jumpers on. We had to cross the road at an island as this was the safest way. When arriving at the park the children were only allowed to play in the designated area, which we made sure that we supervised very strictly. My first experience to The Co-Operative linked to the planning of the setting as at the time they were reading the book Handa’s Surprise, and they were lear ning about all the different fruits that were in that book and we were also helping them learn new vegetables.It also helps them to improve on their vocabulary and counting as we asked them how many items we had at the end of their shopping trip. It encourages them to eat health, which relates to healthy eating. My second experience to the park was linked to the planning of the setting as they would usually go outside to play in the garden, so we decided to give them more space to run around. When walking back from the park we asked them if they enjoyed their time, what they played on and if they wanted to go back soon, which helped the children to extend their vocabulary. The trip to the park helped them to have a daily ose of exercise. The cultural and social factors that were considered is that no child is discriminated against, that none of the children where there were made to feel left out and that their opinions and needs were respected, so they were treated as individuals. N o matter what their race, religion, age or ability. For the first experience we made sure that it was appropriate for the children’s age. The social factors that were considered were to make sure that they interacted with each other and us as the practitioners; we made sure that they held the practitioner hand so they were safe.We also made sure that they were interacting with other children and not just their usual circle of friends, by doing this the children got to build new relationships. It was important that children listened and followed the instructions and directions that were given to them by the practitioners; as if the instructions were not followed properly the children’s life could be put in danger. I feel that I was effective in both experiences as I asked the children questions, on the way back and asked them what they had remembered from the trip on the way back.I was able to follow the instructions given to me in a calm manner and explain to my superv isor how both experiences were when I returned. The children listened and interacted to each other and to us as practitioners without any problems. The fact that they were both small group I was able to give the children support and the attention they needed, which helps them with their concentration and listening skills. During both experiences I was able to interact with the children and staff and monitor the behaviour and what was happening with the children’s progress

Scholarly Journal Articles about the Asian Tiger Economies Essays

Scholarly Journal Articles about the Asian Tiger Economies Essays Scholarly Journal Articles about the Asian Tiger Economies: Authors, Journals, and Research Fields, 1986-2001 By Trinity University San Antonio, TX 78212 and Trinity University San Antonio, TX 78212 May 2002 Scholarly Journal Articles about the Asian Tiger Economies: Authors, Journals, and Research Fields, 1986-2001 I. Introduction. The Asian Tigers arrival into the world economy has been extraordinary. Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, and Thailand have experienced dramatic changes over the past 20 years. Their economies have fundamentally changed from traditional agriculturally based societies to rapidly growing newly industrialized nations. Their incredible rates of growth were accompanied by significant structural changes. While most of the change has been positive, from time to time these nations have been rocked by economic growing pains. These transformations of the South East Asian economies have attracted considerable attention in popular and scholarly publications. This paper extends bibliometric research into an area neglected thus far: the East Asian economies. It also extends bibliometric research itself in a new direction by investigating how economics literature responds to changes in the underlying economies. There were approximately 4,200 scholarly articles written about the East Asian economies that were indexed by the Journal of Economic Literature from 1986 to 2001 and included on the CD-ROM EconLit. This paper studies the economic literature about each of the major East Asian nations individually and for all of them combined. In addition, the paper presents a Whos Who of this literature by identifying the leading authors, journals, and research fields. Concentration of articles among journals and authors is also explored in detail. Then the literature trends about the Asian Tiger economies are contrasted with those of other emerging market economies (Czech Republic, Hungary, Mexico, and Poland) and a developed market economy (Italy). Finally, the study attempts to find parallels between the growth in articles and the growth of the economies. II. Data. The data source for this study is EconLit, the CD-ROM database of the Journal of Economic Literature. Over 200,000 articles from over 600 scholarly journals from many countries and social science disciplines appear in this source from 1986 to 2001. For each country, articles were selected on the basis of whether they contained such words as Thai, Thailand, Malay, and Malaysian in the articles title, geographic indicator, subject descriptor, or abstract. Some 4,277 articles met these criteria. Where the record for an article indicates two or more countries, one article was counted for each country. Because 623 of the articles examined more than one of the countries, the total number of unique articles used in the study totals 3,654. III. Trends and Cycles of Publications It is clear that over the past 25 years economists have found a fertile ground for research in the East Asian economies. As Figure 1 shows, the annual output of articles in scholarly journals about these economies grew much faster than all articles in economics. In terms of each of these nations, the South Korean economy captured the most attention, followed by Indonesia, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand. CountryArticlesJournalsAuthors South Korea1,1713061,254 Indonesia732166714 Hong Kong671223773 Singapore613206678 Malaysia591202682 Thailand499190652 Table 1 and Figure 2 describe the growth and annual variations in the numbers of journal articles about the Tiger economies from 1986 to 2000. As stated earlier, the economies of South Korea and Indonesia garnered the largest number of articles at the beginning of the period and maintained the lead at the end. For the six economies, the number of articles ranged from 11 to 29 in 1986 and from 61 to 106 in 2000. The number of articles showed no trend for all six countries from 1986 to 1992, with small declines offset by gains. After 1992-93, the number of articles for each country followed an upward trend, with minor declines for at least one year before 2000. Because lags exist between publication and listing in the database, the figures for 2001 are clearly understated and we ignore them in our analysis of trends and cycles. It may be that the declines for some of the countries in 2000 also represent delayed reporting. However, that publications about these economies grew sharply af ter 1993 is unmistakable. Relative growth rates are best seen in Figure 3 with articles for each country represented by an index number based on 100 in 1986. From 1986 to 1993, the growth

Historical Research Paper Topics

Historical Research Paper Topics Most history courses normally require students to write research papers on different historical topics. To write a good history research paper, one must be ready to do some thorough research. This is because most of these papers are normally based on facts, and if you do not have your facts right, your paper will not be to the required standards. Doing research prior to writing your research paper will enable you to not only come up with the best topic, it will also enable you to know a lot of interesting facts that you otherwise not know about. You can get history research paper ideas from your local library or from the internet. From these sources, you will get to choose from hundreds of History research paper topics that are normally written by high level professionals. Research paper topics cover a wide range of issues in the history of mankind. These topics can be about anything, from evolution to modern technology. The topic that you choose for your research paper must be relevant to the subject area that you are focusing on. For instance, you cannot write about American history if your paper is about China before the 15th century. Any remarkable history research paper must have an equally remarkable topic. If you want to get a remarkable topic for you paper, you must ensure that you are relentless in your research. Make sure that you get enough information to support the topic that you have chosen. Popular History Research Paper Topics topics can be from any subject area. Below is a list of the top five Historical research paper topics that you can write about: The Rise of the European Union The Politics in 20th Century Russia American War of Independence Post World-War II China The Fall of the Berlin Wall

Solons Reforms and the Rise of Democracy in Athens

Solons Reforms and the Rise of Democracy in Athens First coming to prominence (c. 600 B.C.) for his patriotic exhortations when Athens was fighting a war against Megara for possession of Salamis, Solon was elected  eponymous archon  in 594/3 B.C. and perhaps, again, about 20 years later. Solon faced the daunting task of improving the condition of: debt-ridden farmerslaborers forced into bondage over debt, andthe middle classes who were excluded from government, while not alienating the increasingly wealthy landowners and aristocracy. Because of his reforming compromises and other legislation, posterity refers to him as Solon the lawgiver.   Such power I gave the people as might do, Abridged not what they had, now lavished new. Those that were great in wealth and high in place, My counsel likewise kept from all disgrace. Before them both I held my shield of might, And let not either touch the others right.- Plutarchs Life of Solon The Great Divide Between Rich and Poor in Athens In the 8th century B.C., rich farmers began exporting their goods: olive oil and wine. Such cash crops required an expensive initial investment. The poorer farmer was more limited in choice of crop, but he still could have continued to eke out a living, if only he had either rotated his crops or let his fields lie fallow. Slavery When land was mortgaged, hektemoroi (stone markers) were placed on the land to show the amount of debt. During the 7th century, these markers proliferated. The poorer wheat farmers lost their land. Laborers were free men who paid out 1/6th of all they produced. In the years of poor harvests, this wasnt enough to survive. To feed themselves and their families, laborers put up their bodies as collateral to borrow from their employers. Exorbitant interest plus living on less than 5/6ths of what was produced made it impossible to repay loans. Free men were being sold into slavery. At the point at which a tyrant or revolt seemed likely, the Athenians appointed Solon to mediate. Relief in the Form of Solon Solon, a lyric poet, and the first Athenian literary figure whose name we know, came from an aristocratic family which traced its ancestry back 10 generations to Hercules, according to Plutarch. Aristocratic beginnings did not prevent him from fearing that someone of his class would try to become tyrant. In his reform measures, he pleased neither the revolutionaries who wanted the land redistributed nor the landowners who wanted to keep all their property intact. Instead, he instituted the seisachtheia by which he canceled all pledges where a mans freedom had been given as guarantee, freed all debtors from bondage, made it illegal to enslave debtors, and put a limit on the amount of land an individual could own. Plutarch records Solons own words about his actions: The mortgage-stones that covered her, by me Removed, the land that was a slave is free;that some who had been seized for their debts he had brought back from other countries, where so far their lot to roam, They had forgot the language of their home;and some he had set at liberty, Who here in shameful servitude were held. More on the Laws of Solon Solons laws do not appear to have been systematic, but provided regulations in the areas of politics, religion, public and private life (including marriage, burial, and the use of springs and wells), civil and criminal life, commerce (including a prohibition on export of all Attic produce except olive oil, although Solon encouraged the export of artisans work), agriculture, sumptuary regulation and discipline. Sickinger estimates there were between 16 and 21 axones that may have contained 36,000 characters total (minimum). These legal records may have been placed in the Boulouterion, Stoa Basileios, and the Acropolis. Although these places would have made them accessible to the public, how many people were literate is not known.   Sources: J.B. Bury. A History of GreecePlutarchs Life of SolonRichard Hookers (wsu.edu/~dee/GREECE/ATHENS.HTM)  Ancient Greece: AthensJohn Porters SolonUniversity of Keeles Classics Departments  Athenian Democracy  (www.keele.ac.uk/depts/cl/iahcla~7.htm - accessed 01/02/2000)History of Greece Vol II, by George Grote (1872).

Orphanage, comment on Orphange by Wendy Wilder Larsen and I met You in Essay

Orphanage, comment on Orphange by Wendy Wilder Larsen and I met You in the Orphanage yard by Thich Nhat Hanh - Essay Example The word orphanage is an ugly one. It has Dickensian overtones of cruelty to children who are already dealt the dreadful catastrophe of losing their parents. These days, there are few or no orphanages in the Western world: the economies of prosperous countries are such that their birth rates are dropping, with the result that any unparented children quickly find a home. The aftermath of war, anywhere, however, brings about a raft of children whose fate is to survive (Williams 2003) and to find themselves at the mercy of host countries after being herded into orphanages in the theatre of conflict itself. Because conflicts kill, and kill mostly adults. Global diasporas caused by wars carry many streams of people (Williams 2003) many of whom are children. The two poems in the spotlight show a surface similarity - they are both about children left parentless by war, but, since they are written by a woman and a man with a polarity of cultures, many differences - subtle and overt - are to be found. Larsen’s poem illustrates the well-meaning but wildly inconsiderate actions that take place after any catastrophe: how (generally) white Western people offer charity without thinking of the consequences, either immediate or long-term. ‘I went with balloons, hard candies, / old National Geographics’(Mahony 1998): it is bewildering to anyone who has worked with the homeless and parentless to see the perceptions of those who have never experienced a moment of having absolutely nothing, not even a Mom. Good intentions often blow up in the face of the giver, and that is what happens in Larsen’s poem: the narrator brings gifts to an orphanage, only to find herself face to face with her own misapprehensions and lack of sensitivity. This can be taken as an analogy for countries who intervene into conflicts among communities of whose culture they have little or no idea, and of

The Benefits of Universal Healthcare Plan for the United States Research Paper

The Benefits of Universal Healthcare Plan for the United States - Research Paper Example American Medical Women’s Association has come up with one of the better definitions of the term: â€Å"Access to health care should not be linked to a person's employment, place of residence, sex, age, marital status, or health status. Health care should be available to all persons on the basis of medical need rather than financial ability or employer contracts.† (Brown et al, 918-919) A universal system of health care is considered the most optimistic way out for the healthcare crisis in America. Under this system the government becomes responsible for repayment of almost all the services offered by the health practitioners in clinics and hospitals. It is believed that this system would give everyone a chance at health insurance and provide significant cost savings if related administrative expenses could be reduced. This end could be achieved by promoting preventive medicine. Also required would be universally available electronic medical records (Diamond, 921). On th e other hand, many people are opposed to the idea of Universal Healthcare and consider it an impractical ideal that can’t be achieved. The biggest reason perhaps is that historically government bureaus have been known to become difficult and over-bearing rather consistently. It can also be argued that just because a person has access to preventive healthcare education, it doesn’t mean that they will adhere to its guiding principles; so there is a huge potential for costs going rampant. And lastly, the single-payer health system can put a huge toll on the quality of healthcare, something American will not be willing to put up with (Diamond, 921). Many people believe that despite all of its good intentions of â€Å"healthcare for all†, the current health reform movement is not the best method of achieving the desirable objective of universal health coverage as it is government controlled. History is witness that governments just aren’t prepared to do this j ob. It is argued that once the government gets the power to rule over the practice of medicine, it would signify the end of medical profession as known to mankind. Simply put, those against universal healthcare are afraid that it will bring a humiliating end to the best medical care in the world (Diamond, 922). It is commonly believed that health insurance cannot make healthcare more accessible in the United States. It cannot make people adhere to their recommended therapies, nor can it convince people to get to their doctor’s appointments on time. It can also be argued that medical problems are almost always a part of the bigger picture. A person’s health issues can be related to the conditions prevalent in the society. And universal healthcare may not be the solution at all if pregnant women remain ignorant of the advantages of prenatal care, and if asthma patients neglect to take their inhalers on time. It would indeed be better to educate and change people’s perception of health care and medical professionals. It would also be beneficial if the risk factors are weeded out of society so people can be healthier and more receptive to healthcare in case they do need it. We must stop people from smoking and educate them on the disadvantages of eating an unhealthy diet. The fact of the matter is that universal health coverage and medical advice will not have any effect no matter how strictly implemented. These measures would only work if the patients

Discussion Questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Discussion Questions - Coursework Example The poetess is then assured by Aphrodite that her lady love will indeed come to her bearing gifts, even though it may be done unwillingly. The scene is set for the great Mahabharata war where the Pandavas are facing the Kauravas (who are cousins) in order to regain their lost kingdom. But when Arjuna sees his opponents comprising of his teacher (guru), relatives, and countless innocent soldiers, he gets into a dilemma. He is confused as to whether he should run away or fight the war. He is overcome by grief when faced with no choice but to fight. The crux of the Bhagavat-Gita is the advice on life and the duties of man by Krishna in order to convince Arjuna that people have to make take choices in order to fulfill their duties. Confucius meant that he began a sincere learning of his philosophy at age fifteen. It could be that a person at this age can begin to understand philosophical and develop philosophical concepts through learning. By age thirty, the great man had developed a focused mind, but could not fully understand the concept of ‘self’. Ten years later, Confucius began to understand and become adept at the concept of profound contemplation. His mind began to be free of doubts. By fifty Confucius had a clear picture that there is divine intervention or direction in the lives of man. A person should engage in selfless service to others. By sixty, he had rid himself of the concept of self and attained universal wisdom of equality. At the age of seventy, Confucius had developed and perfected his philosophy, where the mind clings to nothing or is detached even though present in the world. Catullus, termed as a love poet, wrote about his love for a lady referred to as Lesbia. Critics are divided as to the identity of the woman. Some say that the figure of the poet’s love and desire was Sappho while others feel that it is a lady called Clodia. The

Zhang Xin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Zhang Xin - Essay Example Zhang use of these colors on his artwork symbolizes the unity of the human beings which he relates with history. The dark colors on the painting reflect painter’s idea of preventing access to the past and by incorporating such colors and war materials such as armor, horses, and swords into his work, Zhang directly engages the observer with the question of history and memory, reality and truth (Honour and Fleming). I like Zhang artwork because through his paintings, he exposes more information about history as well as bringing about memories of truth and reality. Colors and materials incorporated into the paintings say more about the â€Å"vexed subject† of history. The idea drawn from the pictures is relevant because it helps me understand history more vividly. One thing that does not escape from Zhang painting is his ability to connect his artwork with the great events happening throughout history and the entire view of the world. The attached paint of two cocks fighting elucidates the painter’s genuine creativity whose receptiveness influences a broader range of studies. The fighting cocks expresses strength, majesty and perhaps dynamic forces of the stronger. Just the green color symbolizes healing and perseverance, probably the paint stands for the injustices and oppression of the weak. However, as mentioned earlier, Zhang paintings concentrated on humanity and connectedness with

Writting paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Writting paper - Essay Example It is also found that the Ms. Werther favors certain surgeons and allots more time to their surgery than other. James Grover is the President of the hospital and needs the conflict to be resolved between the hospital administrator, Edward Hoffman, who argues that firing of the staff comes under his administration and Dr. Young, who asserts that he has authority over issues that compromise good medical practice and good patient care. There is role ambiguity between the role and duties of hospital administrator and chief of surgery. The controversary has risen due to the fact that heads of different departments of the organizations may take their role and duties literally without considering the needs and requirements of other department which may have direct impact on their performance outcome. In this case, the manner in which the staff of one department discharged her duty, adversely affected the performance of person of another department. This is a case of conflict of authority because Mr. Hoffman strongly objects to Dr. Young’s discharging a staff from her job as he believes that as administrator, his is responsible for quality patient care and the appointment and discharge of hospital staff. On the other hand, Dr. Young, who has fired Ms. Wether, believes that as head of surgery, he is entitled to fire a person from the job if he finds that his or her acts adversely affect the quality discharge of surgical duties properly of the medical practitioners or doctors. As a chief of surgery, Dr. Young has more knowledge about the highly technical and sensitive issue of surgical operations and clinical guidelines. He is also responsible for implementing the same in the hospital and therefore, he is empowered to act against any person as he sees appropriate to maintain high standard of medical ethics and services. Since Ms Werther was scheduling operation suite for surgical procedures that was not conducive to perform

Zhang Xin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Zhang Xin - Essay Example Zhang use of these colors on his artwork symbolizes the unity of the human beings which he relates with history. The dark colors on the painting reflect painter’s idea of preventing access to the past and by incorporating such colors and war materials such as armor, horses, and swords into his work, Zhang directly engages the observer with the question of history and memory, reality and truth (Honour and Fleming). I like Zhang artwork because through his paintings, he exposes more information about history as well as bringing about memories of truth and reality. Colors and materials incorporated into the paintings say more about the â€Å"vexed subject† of history. The idea drawn from the pictures is relevant because it helps me understand history more vividly. One thing that does not escape from Zhang painting is his ability to connect his artwork with the great events happening throughout history and the entire view of the world. The attached paint of two cocks fighting elucidates the painter’s genuine creativity whose receptiveness influences a broader range of studies. The fighting cocks expresses strength, majesty and perhaps dynamic forces of the stronger. Just the green color symbolizes healing and perseverance, probably the paint stands for the injustices and oppression of the weak. However, as mentioned earlier, Zhang paintings concentrated on humanity and connectedness with

The IMFs Approach to Economic Stabilization Essay

The IMFs Approach to Economic Stabilization - Essay Example In order to truly diagnose the situation, and properly understand the IMF and its current position in the world, we must ask the following questions: Founded in the turbulent era of the 1940s to stabilize the world economy, and based in Washington, D.C., the IMF (International Monetary Fund) is "an organization of 184 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial security, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty." ("IMF", 2006). The IMF's original purpose was "to establish a code of conduct that would enhance economic cooperation, and avoid the 'beggar-thy-neighbor' policies that led to the economic turbulence of the thirties." (Babb & Buira, 2005). In short, the IMF is a multilateral institution that lends money to governments in order to stabilize currencies and maintain order in international markets. Since the IMF was established its purposes have remained unchanged, but its surveillance, financial assistance and technical assistance operations have developed regularly in order to "meet the changing needs of its member countries i n an evolving world economy." ("IMF", 2006). The IMF "plays a key role in defining how much governments can spendThe Fund's view of what defines the macro economic stability of a country is the authoritative one for all development partners." ("Eurodad", 2003). What are the Main Components of the IMF's Approach to Economic Stabilization Particularly so in recent years, the IMF's quantitative approach to economic stabilization "has been the subject of considerable controversy." ("Survey", 1999). Considered as "the creator of the 'moral hazard'," (Monsod, 1998), the IMF consists of many programs which are often characterized as being "unnecessarily damaging to growth, harmful to the poor, unduly inflexible and unresponsive to the differing needs and circumstances of member countries, and based on rigid application of outmoded and discredited economic principles." (Mussa & Savastano, 1999). In order to understand the IMF's approach to economic stabilization and how it functions in all aspects, one must first understand the process of an IMF supported program: typically an IMF supported program is not permanent or 'set in stone' at the beginning of operations, but rather begins with the seemingly simple a request of a member. It is only then that the IMF staff prepares a blueprint of a program that is used for the actual basis of negotiations. After this, when an agreement is reached, the arrangement is cleared by IMF management and then approved by the IMF Executive Board. Disbursements proceed immediately after this if all performance

The Struggle for Racial Uplift Essay Example for Free

The Struggle for Racial Uplift Essay * Ishmael. He was caught in the jungles of Africa at a young age and has lived his life in captivity ever since. He started out in a zoo-purchased by Walter Sokolow, with whom he learned to communicate telepathically. * Ishmael’s investigation focused on the issue of captivity-and grew into a more comprehensive exploration of humanity. * Ishmael helps the narrator understand his cultural history. Ishmael divides humans into two groups: Leavers and Takers. * Takers are members who believe you should dominate first the planet, then the universe, through technological innovations. Leavers are members of tribal cultures that live simple, basic rules that govern other populations on Earth. * Ishmael helps the narrator see that taker culture is in freefall, bound to crash once you have depleted the planet of its biological and environmental resources. * Ishmael shows the narrator how various cultural myths have helped shape both cultures. One main myth he discusses is the story of Adam and Eve. -historically this myth was used by Leaver cultures to explain the expansion of Taker cultures. -Leavers were trying to understand why Takers had turned to agriculture and were trying to force their way of life on the Leavers. -Takers had eaten of the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil — the tree of the gods must eat from in order to know who should live and die. Only to know that that form does not belong to life- form on earth. * Narrator becomes a teacher in Ishmaels honor, in hopes to teach people about the taker culture and find a new way to live w/others on earth. Character List and Analysis * Ishmael- they see themselves as superior and removed from the rules that structure the evolution and survival of other life-forms on the planet. * through his research on human history, hes come to see that they, too, are captive to a destructive way of life in their pursuit of domination over the rest of the world. * Through his studies, Ishmael tries to understand why humans feel called to dominate the world, and he teaches the explanation hes come up with to his student (the narrator) Narrator * The nameless narrator is Ishmaels fifth student and the only one who isnt completely defeated at the end of his instruction. * Hes open-minded and maintains his desire to save the world, though he often finds it difficult to maintain a sense of hope. * Analysis * cultural revolution of the late 1960s * constructing the novel in first person, the reader closely aligns himself with the narrator and can sympathize with the problematic feeling of giving up ones youthful dreams * by being both named and renamed, Ishmael gains a stronger sense of himself as an individual. He is not the giant enemy Goliath-but rather Ishmael, the cast-off son of Abraham. * Quinns use of biblical allusions for Ishmaels names structure the relationship he has with humans. While imprisoned, hes a goliath, an unknown monster. Once hes able to communicate with humans and share their knowledge, he is like a distant relative, as the offspring of Ishmael are to the offspring of Isaac in the Bible. * why are things the way they are? This question is first presented by Ishmael in his memories of life in the zoo. Part 1 * Rachel’s mother, who has always resented Ishmaels relationship with her husband and daughter. * When Ishmael moved in the city he became a teacher, his key subject being the issue of captivity. * Ishmael says that, while it may not matter if one individual discovers the lie, it could change the world if the entire human population discovered the truth. Analysis groundwork to answer the novels central question: why are things the way they are? -Ishmael uses rhetorical strategies, such as asking guiding questions and storytelling, to engage his pupil -humans are captive to a civilizational system and are unable to see the bars of the cage. Part 2 * Ishmael explain The first is that story is the explanation of the relationship between humans, the world, and the gods. * second is that to enact something is to live as if a certain story is a reality. * The third term he defines is culture, which is a group of people enacting a story. * Mother Culture concludes that the Leavers story is the first chapter of humankinds development and the Takers are the second chapter. * narrator insists there is no overarching story or myth that forms his culture. * Greeks did not think of their myths as myths either; rather, what are now considered myths were just the stories that structured their lives. Analysis-Quinn associates takers with civilization and leavers with primitive cultures. –Additionally, Ishmael provides the narrator with three key definitions for story, to enact, and culture. -framework for Ishmaels exploration of Takers and Leavers, who are groups of people with their own story theyre enacting as a culture. Part 3 * myth contains facts, those facts are arranged in a way that suggests the point of the formation of the universe and evolution is the formation of man. Ishmael claims that this is the central idea behind the Takers culture — that Earth was made to support human life Analysis- storytelling is essential to the narrators epiphany in this section. -story featuring a jellyfish rather than a human at the end of it, narrator begins to see the difference between fact and myth. Ishmael and the narrator discuss the way culture influences humans, and on the micro level as a means for Ishmael to instruct the narrator. -many of Ishmaels statements to the narrator are in the form of leading questions . Part 4 * Taker Culture, middle of the story is humankinds time as hunter-gatherers, a time when they were living much as other animals do. * for humankind to achieve its destiny, it had to discover agriculture, which provided it with the means of staying in one place and developing civilization and technology. * so why must man do this? Whats the purpose of rising above the other animals? Ishmael has the narrator imagine an Earth without humans on it; * Ishmael helps the narrator see the next part of the story: man was put on Earth to rule it, and to do so he had to conquer it. * Taker cultural story suggests that things are the way they are because man had to fulfill his destiny of conquering everything, really things are the way they are because man hasnt become the ruler of the world, but its destroyer and enemy. Analysis- why are things the way they are — evolves in Part 4 through Ishmaels use of imaginative exercises and Socratic dialogue. * Ishmael encourages the narrator to imagine Earth without man. Through this creative exercise, the narrator sees the world in a new way and better understands his culture myth. * explain how Takers justify the destruction of the worlds natural resources and wildlife, the narrator says that Takers would see this as the price that must be paid to advance human culture. Part 5 * figure out the end of the story. * man has been put on Earth to conquer it, in conquering it hes caused a lot of problems. * but at the end of his story is that humans are inherently flawed and thus will continue to screw up their pursuit of paradise. * Ishmael asks what evidence his culture uses to back up its claim of being flawed, and the narrator admits it only uses its own history. * topic of prophets and asks the narrator why Taker culture is so obsessed with prophets. Analysis- Mother Culture says humans do not know how to live, so they rely on prophets to tell them what to do. Ishmael foreshadows that the narrator is ready for the next step — to see the world through the Leavers eyes, rather than the Takers. Part 6 * Mother Culture would suggest that humans are above any law that applies to the rest of life on earth. * regardless of what Mother Culture says, the law of living applies, and that hell use the analogy of gravity and flight to explain. * Takers gods tricked the Takers in three ways: -the Takers not the center of the universe -humans evolved just like everything else, even though they feel above evolution. -not actually exempt from the laws of life. * even though it feels like flight, and Takers are accelerating toward a crash. Takers also see abandoned attempts at civilization (for example, the Mayans) but nonetheless believe that their attempt will survive because it has worked so far. Analysis -Taker culture: it is obedient to a law about living, but it is ignorant of that law and so is unable to see how its doomed to fail. -Newton discovered the law of gravity by observation. Ishmael also builds on this analogy to explain that the only way to understand what laws organisms must live by is by observing living organisms. -Mother Culture tells Takers that theyre above the laws of life, they too are in free fall, and eventually their civilization will also crash due to its inability to follow the laws of life. Part 7 * ishmael invites the narrator to imagine himself in a foreign land where everyone is happy * Through more questioning, the narrator discovers he has three guides with which to narrow down the law by which they live: -what makes their society successful what people in the society never do -what a person who has broken the law has done that the others never do. * species of creatures on the planet have followed this rule and prospered; it is only that when a portion of humans decided to abandon the law and live beyond it that Earths ecosystems were thrown out of balance. * He realizes that he doesnt want to complete this task, once hes learned Ishmaels lesson hell be left alone again. Analysis -Ishmaels analogy allows the narrator to better see how wildlife also follows similar rules and that Takers have tried to abandon such rules. -narrator is upset by this proposition as he realizes that, if hes successful, hell eventually no longer be Ishmaels pupil. -What will he become when hes no longer a student? Part 8 (1-6) * takes the narrator four days to figure out the basic laws of life. He returns to Ishmael on the fifth day with his findings. * He says the three basic rules. What they promote? -promotes diversity and survival for the community as a whole since it favors no species above the rest. * Ishmael-ecological principles, when food supplies increase, populations increase. Additionally, when population increases, food decreases and when food decreases, population decreases as well. * increasing populations leads to more and more groups of starving people among the population as a whole. Part 8 (7-10) * The American Heritage Book of Indians, and instructs him to look at the map. * narrator admits theres nothing stopping people from changing geographies, and this helps Ishmael make his key point: -there were cultural and territorial boundaries between the diverse tribes that lived in the Americas prior to the arrival of European settlers. * narrator feels hopeless; he thinks no one in Taker culture will be willing to kill off Mother Culture and try another way of life. * Ishmael helps the narrator see that the overarching law is that the world was made for many species to live on, not for one to dominate the rest. * Taker culture. They fill their lives with distractions and drugs to make up for the lack of satisfaction Analysis-Ishmael points out, people in Leaver cultures experience dramatically fewer cases of addiction and suicide. -Leaver culture might be a key way to change the destructive path Taker culture. Part 9 (1-8) * Taker culture took off with the beginning of the Agricultural Revolution and that it has been spreading ever since. * The Gods were arguing, whether which species should prosper.they decide to eat of the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil-soon they had godly power. * Gods were worried knew humans would be tempted to eat of the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil, and have godly powers too- so they forbid the tree. * story has always remained mysterious to Takers as it doesnt make sense why it should be forbidden. Analysis-explains the roles of gods and humans and the problems that occur when humans take on the role of the gods. -knowledge of the gods, which is the ability to determine what should live and what should die. -differences between the two is their cultural attitudes to the rest of life on the planet. Part 9 (9-11) * Taker destiny, they had to take land from the herders. Ishmael instructs the narrator to read the story of Cain and Abel to better understand how this expansion took shape. * Cain represents the Takers who must kill the Leavers (Abel) in order to expand agricultural production. -Cain and Abel arent actual brothers, but representatives of different human cultures. * Takers, through the spread of Christianity, came to adopt a tale that once was used to show their shortcomings as one of their own creation myths. Part 9 (12-17) * in order to understand why the Takers were invading their land and taking it from them, they had to figure out how they got to be the way they are. * the gods, upset with these Takers, had banished them from the garden of life, forcing these people to get their food through the hard work of farming. * Taker perspective, is not the right to have the knowledge of the gods, but the issue of disobedience-story makes much more sense when told from the Leavers perspective. Analysis- Ishmael helps the narrator to see how Leavers saw the Takers as cursed -Leavers saw the story of The Fall as the story of the Takers becoming cursed, the Takers saw it as the story of their growth -The Fall has evolved not to explain the formation of humans on earth, but the formation of a specific culture -Takers interpretation, he is punished for disobeying the gods, not for the knowledge he gained. Takers are able to make the story a tale of hope/tale of warning, as it is for the Leavers — Adam has eaten of the gods tree and thus must die. Part 10 (1-4) * sidetracked by work and a dental emergency, causing him to miss several days of meetings with Ishmael. * Ishmael got evicted. * Narrator finds Ishmael in a slideshow carnival. The narrator tries to help Ishmael, but Ishmael doesnt appreciate the narrator butting into his personal life. Analysis Ishmael is cold, distant, and wary of the narrators desire to fix the situation. -thru narrator and Ishmaels dispute. Ishmael learns to distrust humans benevolence and resents his dependency on the kindness of humans in order to have a decent life. Part 10 (5-9) * narrator defines culture as whats passed along from generation to generation. For Leaver cultures, culture has evolved since the start of the species and is passed down Analysis -Takers transmit knowledge of agricultural production over the centuries, constantly expanding and improving on the technology used to grow crops. -Leaver cultures transmit knowledge about living well and the way of life of a specific culture rather than the means of production. -Evolution to explain differences between leaver and taker cultures. -leaver cultural structure evolved allowing their cultural practices to adapt and support their livelihood in the environment in which they find themselves. -Taker Cultural structure responds to its cultural beliefs that man is made to rule the world and that everything in the culture is designed to bring the environment under humankind. Part 11 * Mother Culture-technological development * life before the Agricultural Revolution was horrible and that to live that way would be reprehensible. * narrator tells Ishmael that while he may have enough food, he doesnt have enough to free himself from the gods Analysis-If offered to go back to hunter-gatherer time- Taker society for that matter, would reject the offer because Mother Culture has taught him that such a lifestyle is intrinsically worse than Taker Culture. Part 12 (1-6) * Still imprisoned and sleepy, Ishmael asks narrator what happens to Leaver cultures that does not happen to Takers? * evolution is what happens because Leavers remain within the community of life. * removing themselves from the rules that govern life on earth, have removed themselves from evolution. * Man’s role on earth? a guide or role model — a figure that sets the standard for how self-aware, intelligent life-forms should act to benefit and promote biodiversity. Analysis-Taker culture has removed itself from the chain of evolution by living outside the ecological laws. -focused on the historical events that have resulted in the current state of human dominance on the Earth: environmental degradation -Humans should rethink their role to have a positive rather than negative impact on the worlds ecology Part 12 (7-12) * chapter two of the Leavers story-the issue of civilization. the attitude civilized nations have toward the world. * Ishmael tells him he must be a teacher, for humans minds must change before their actions will. * that all members of Taker culture are imprisoned by a destructive, unfulfilling way of life. And, like any prison, it has ways of distracting inmates so they dont notice the conditions. ANALYSIS -Ishmael suggests to the narrator, the only way to change peoples actions is to start with their minds. -Ishmael reminded the narrator of the ways Mother Culture hides the bars of her prison. -help his fellow prisoners see what binds them to their ecologically destructive way of life. Part 13 * Ishmael dies. Analysis – narrator regrets that his self absorption enabled him to see that Ishmael was sick. -With Gorilla Gone, Will There Be Hope for Man? contemplate what action should come next after such philosophical debate and discussion.

Dell Strategies of Innovation and Research

Dell Strategies of Innovation and Research JASMANJOT SINGH Q) 1 List the ways that dell conduct researches on its customers to continually improve products and services? What are the features of Dells research? Dell gets knowledge about their on their customers and products service through one special team named as Customer research team (CRT) Days are a case of how Dell can constantly gain from-our clients. When we chatted with clients amid the Day sessions, some were troubled; others were excited. All appeared to be pleased that we welcomed them to Dell for an open talk around their IT issues. Dell will hear specifically from clients about the sorts of things they utilize their frameworks for, what they like about it and see the arrangement they use to complete things. Different activities in progress incorporate a pilot of a day in and day out visit benefit in the U.S. whats more, different nations where talk appear wheeze mainstream over conventional telephone benefit, overhauling support.dell.com, redoing of service contracts, and an update of the Dell.com online setup experience to give some examples. The degree and bearing of these activities and others are formed by what we get n otification from clients. Dell anticipates sharing advancement on them in up and coming discussions. Q) 2 What is Dells unique selling point? Dell is a itself very unique brand and thats why Dell has large number of customers and although their services are very unique like they offer direct sale to customer through stores and online shopping site , secondly , the design of dell computers is very attractive and fair in price . they offer direct delivery to customer and customer can track that also . after all , they are number one PC providers in world. Q)3 What Three strategies Dell use to generate revenue? Essential products : These products are any non-physical merchandise or administrations that can be purchased on the web, for example, questions in amusements, advanced endowments and administration additional items. Asia advanced this model and it remains the prevailing district related with virtual merchandise. As per statistical surveying firm In-Stat, of the $7 billion in virtual great income produced in 2010, 70% originated from Asia. Mobile operators: Unlike the U.S. and Europe, mobile operators in Asia are absolutely crucial in being able to monetize services since smart phone and credit card penetration are relatively low. The most pervasive and easy way to do micro billing and transactions is via operators prepaid billing systems which have vast consumer reach. This is also a big source of growth for mobile operators, so there is a win-win in working with them. An August 2011 Amdocs survey found that mobile operator executives in Asia Pacific expect revenue from value-added services (VAS) to grow from an average of 14% to 24% within three years Marketing : The rate of income spends dispensed towards online networking publicizing advancement is tiny in Asia. Consequently, many organizations are attempting to reproduce the achievement of a promoting supported model in versatile and online networking in the additionally developing markets of this area, as they have in the West. Notwithstanding, in the more created nations and propelled versatile markets, for example, Japan and Korea, promoting models have demonstrated almost as fruitful as those embraced in the West. In those nations, the virtual products model keeps on beating the publicizing financed models. Then again, as advanced mobile phones infiltrate whatever is left of Asias market, advertisement based models are turning out to be progressively practical. Q)4 What does return on investment mean in relation to Dells marketing campaign and how is it measure? Rate of profitability is one of a few productivity proportions, one of the four essential classes of monetary proportions the others being liquidity proportions, movement proportions and obligation proportions. This, the Return on Investment, regularly called an organizations arrival on aggregate resources, measures the general benefit made on a venture communicated as a rate of the sum contributed. Like profit for resources, or return disparity, Return on Investment measures an organizations productivity and its administrations capacity to create benefits from the assets financial specialists have set available to its. It is regularly said that if goes with operations cant create net benefit as a rate of the sum contributed more prominent than the loan cost on money related markets, its future is horrid. Q)5 Identify three external threats and two internal weaknesses that Dell could face? Dangers Increasingly mainstream mark names in the opposition.- Strong connections that are held amongst rivalry and the retailers. Rivalry can fundamentally make similar PCs since Dell manufactures PCs, not plans them. Shortcomings Dealing with a lot of provisions from a wide range of nations can bring about an extensive issue when items are reviewed.- They fabricate PCs, not create them. Q) 6What types of information can a business gather from its internal systems about its customers to assist in the planning process? Customer general information- Customer feedbacks Customer general information Many businesses will want to keep track of their customers. They might want to store email addresses, phone numbers and mailing addresses because, for example, they want to tell customers about a new product or send them the annual catalog. A business may want to keep track of how much the customer has spent with the company or how many orders the customer has placed. Some companies may just work on an order-by-order basis, or have such few clients that a customer database is unnecessary. Customer feedbacks: Customer feedback is a great way to get ideas on how to improve your business. When seeking feedback, its best to: make it as easy as possible for your customers to give their suggestions or ideas for improvement ensure you take the time to action feedback thank customers for taking the time to provide their feedback Q)7 List four ways environmental scanning can be conducted to look for information? Environmental scanning is one of the basic segments of the worldwide natural investigation. Ecological observing, natural determining and natural appraisal finish the worldwide ecological investigation. The worldwide condition alludes to the full scale condition which includes ventures, markets, organizations, customers and contenders. Subsequently, there exist relating examinations on the small scale level. Providers, clients and contenders speaking to the miniaturized scale condition of an organization are broke down inside the business examination Undirected viewing Undirected viewing, a term first used by Aguilar (1967), takes place when environment to understand it. Information needs are ill-defined and fuzzy, and much of the information obtained is no routine or informal, usually gained through chance encounters. Since the environment is assumed to be unanalysable, the organization is satisfied with limited, soft information and does not seek comprehensive, hard data. Information seeking is thus casual and opportunistic, relying more on irregular contacts and casual information from external, people sources. Information use is concerned primarily with reducing the high levels of environmental equivocality. Conditioned viewing Conditioned viewing, again from Aguilar (1967), occurs when the organization perceives the environment to be analyzable but is passive about gathering information and influencing the environment. Information needs focus on a small number of relatively well-defined issues or areas of concern. These are often based on widely-accepted industry assumptions and norms. Information seeking makes use of standard procedures, typically employing internal, non-people sources, with a significant amount of data coming from external reports, databases, and sources that are highly respected and widely used in the industry. Enacting Enacting takes place when the organization perceives the environment to be unanalysable but then proceeds to intrude actively into the environment in order to influence events and outcomes. Information needs are those required for experimentation and testing the environment. This could involve identifying areas for fruitful intervention. Information seeking is from external sources and channels that the organization has created through its intervention and this may include feedback about the actions that the organization has taken. Searching Searching (labelled as Discovery in the original Daft and Wick paper) takes place when the organization perceives the environment to be analysable and it actively intrudes into the environment to collect an accurate set of facts about the environment. Information needs are based on well-defined search goals that are broad, detailed, and open-ended. The organization is prepared to be surprised by unexpected findings that reveal new information needs. Information seeking is for hard, formal, often quantitative data, typically from surveys, market research activities that are rigorous, objective. Q)8 Describe qualitative and quantative research and provide three ways research could conducted? Quantitative research Quantitative research is a more consistent and information drove approach which gives a measure of what individuals think from a factual and numerical perspective. For instance, on the off chance that you needed to know what number of your clients bolster a proposed change in your items or administration and how emphatically they bolster it. Qualitative Research Unlike quantitative research which relies on numbers and data, qualitative research is more focused on how people feel, what they think and why they make certain choices. Three ways research could be conducted: Research philosophy Research design Research approach Q)9 How could the Australian bureau of statistics assist with the research process? The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) is Australians official measurable association. It helps and energizes educated basic leadership, research and exchange inside governments and the group, by giving a top notch, objective and responsive national factual administration. In the event that you cant discover the data you require from the ABS site, or require advance factual data you can get in touch with them by means of the ABS National Information and Referral Service (NIRS) which is a telephone data and referral administration, or Client Services. ABS prepared specialists can work with you to fulfill your measurable data needs. The ABS has workplaces in each State and Territory and contact subtle elements for these workplaces can be situated on the ABS site. Q)10 What is a business opportunity? Provide two examples listed below? A business opportunity (or religious administrator) includes deal or rent of any item, benefit, hardware, etc.that will empower the buyer licensee to start a business. The licensor or vender of a business opportunity more often than not pronounces that it will secure or help the purchaser in finding an appropriate area or give the item to the buyer licensee. This is not the same as the offer of an autonomous business, in which there is no proceeded with relationship required by the vender. Examples-Franchise Opportunities-Direct Sales Business Opportunities. Q)11 What is a business threat? Provide one example? Business dangers are quality benchmarks or determinations for your employment, items or administrations evolving? Is changing innovation undermining your position? Do you have terrible obligation or income issues? Could any of your shortcomings genuinely debilitate your business? A typical illustration: If you import merchandise for resale, then a negative move in return rates will drive up your expenses, in the event that you cant pass these expenses on to your clients, your edges will decrease. In this way, swapping scale instability could be a three. Q)12 What does the Pareto Principle mean? How could your business use the Perato Principle to grow market share of a product? The Pareto rule (otherwise called the 80-20 lead, the law of the indispensable few, and the guideline of component scantily) states that, for some occasions, about 80% of the impacts originate from 20%of the causes. Business-administration advisor Joseph M. Juan recommended the guideline and named it after Italian market analyst Vilfredo Pareto, who saw in 1906 that 80% of the land in Italy was possessed by 20% of the populace; he built up the standard by watching that 20% of the pea pods in his garden contained 80% of the peas. It is a typical general guideline in business; e.g., 80% of your business originate from 20% of your customers. Numerically, where something is shared among an adequately expansive arrangement of members, there must be a number k in the vicinity of 50 and 100 with the end goal that k% is taken by (100 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ k) % of the members. The number k may change from 50 (on account of equivalent appropriation, i.e. 100% of the populace have rise to shares) t o about 100 (when a small number of members record for the majority of the asset). There is nothing uncommon about the number 80% scientifically, yet numerous genuine frameworks have k some place around this area of halfway lopsidedness in dissemination. The Pareto standard is just extraneously identified with Pareto effectiveness, which was likewise presented by a similar financial expert. Pareto created both ideas with regards to the dissemination of salary and riches among the populace. Q)13 True or False? As a result of increased competition, the lifespan of business opportunities in the marketplace is increasing-False The success of a new opportunity is always measured in terms of profit-False It is important that any new product or service is assessed at each stage of development process and should not proceed to the next stage until it has met the specified requirement-True if a number of new product or service ideas are developed, the ideas should be ranked against criteria to determine the best idea.-True Marketing information is available as software package-True Q)14 Describe how Ansoffs Matrix is used to develop new opportunities with range system of strategies? Diversification is the name given to the growth strategy where a business markets new products in new markets. This is an inherently more risk strategy because the business is moving into markets in which it has little or no experience. For a business to adopt a diversification strategy, therefore, it must have a clear idea about what it expects to gain from the strategy and an honest assessment of the risks. However, for the right balance between risk and reward, a marketing strategy of diversification can be highly rewarding. Q)15 Break-even Analysis: Calculate the break-even point for ice cream sales. Ice cream are bought for $2.00 each and sold for $2.50. The business has fixed costs of $400 per week? How many ice creams must be sold each week and therefore each day to break even Break even point= fixed cost/(selling price-variable cost) =400/(2.50-2.00) =400/0.50 =800 ice creams per week =114 per day.